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Updated: 2013.09.29

Map: Israel ca. B.C.E. 1000

A•mâ•leiqꞋ; the archenemy of Israel and personification of Sâ•tânꞋ (Dᵊvâr•imꞋ 25.17ff); grandson of "born Jew" Ei•sauꞋ (patriarch of the Εd•om•imꞋ).

Ei•sauꞋ-Εd•omꞋ – culminating in his grandson, A•mâ•leiqꞋ – was the precedent "born-Jew" excised from the family for rejecting the family religion and laws (the archetype that would continue developing into Twelve Tribal laws and culminate, at Har Sin•aiꞋ, in Tor•âhꞋ). Thus, A•mâ•leiqꞋ (Ei•sauꞋ-Εd•omꞋ) is the prototype of atheist and secular "born Jews" who have relinquished Tor•âhꞋ (and refuse to make tᵊshuv•âhꞋ).

A•mâ•leiqꞋ became clan-patriarch of the ancient archenemy of Israel, pervading Εd•omꞋ and located in what is today's Israeli NëgꞋëv and west-central Jordan, south of Yâm ha-MëlꞋakh, in the regions of Bᵊn•eiꞋ-A•mâ•leiqꞋ ("Amalekites") and "Εd•omꞋ" (see map).

Contrary to English translations and superficial (often misojudaic) interpretations that contradict the account of a later incident with the A•mâ•leiq•imꞋ (Di•vᵊreiꞋ-ha-Yâm•imꞋ ÂlꞋëph 4.42-43; discussed below), the account in Shᵊmu•eilꞋ ÂlꞋëph 15.7-8, although describing a complete vanquishing (ëÌÈì äÈòÈí) by military victory (äÆçÁøÄéí ìÀôÄé-çÈøÆá) under Shâ•ulꞋ ha-MëlꞋëkh (B.C.E. 1045 – see my Chronology of the Tanakh, from the "Big ðÈèÈä" Live-Link^T ), does not imply a "complete" killing, or genocide, of every Bën-A•mâ•leiq.

In the later story (Di•vᵊreiꞋ-ha-Yâm•imꞋ ÂlꞋëph 4.42-43), documenting remaining Bᵊn•eiꞋ-A•mâ•leiqꞋ in the time of Khi•zᵊqi•yâhꞋu (ca. B.C.E. 716, ibid.), a remnant of Bᵊn•eiꞋ-A•mâ•leiqꞋ were located on Har Sei•irꞋ. Some English translations imply that the Bᵊn•eiꞋ-Shim•onꞋ killed the remaining Bᵊn•eiꞋ-A•mâ•leiqꞋ who had escaped." However, a more careful reading shows that, even less severe than before, the Bᵊn•eiꞋ-Shim•onꞋ merely "åÇéÌÇëÌåÌ," not killed or eradicated, the remnant of Bᵊn•eiꞋ-A•mâ•leiqꞋ.

Further, in Ës•teirꞋ, the arch villain, Hâ•mânꞋ, is identified as an Agâgite, descended from royalty, relatives of Agâg (alternately "Agog" or "Gog"; bᵊ-Mi•dᵊbarꞋ 24.7 & Shᵊmu•eilꞋ ÂlꞋëph 15; one of which was a Bᵊn•eiꞋ-A•mâ•leiqꞋ king, killed and left childless by Shᵊmu•eilꞋ).

A remnant of A•mâ•leiqꞋ continued to survive. The prophecy of "Gog and Magog" may well refer to Bᵊn•eiꞋ-A•mâ•leiqꞋ. Being a tribe of the Εd•om•imꞋ , they melted into them. Subsequently, Bᵊn•eiꞋ-A•mâ•leiqꞋ have been subsumed by the Εd•om•imꞋ .

A•mâ•leiqꞋ – 30 C.E.

One of the most prominent personalities of the 1^st century C.E., "King Herod" Antipas, cited in the "New Testament" as taking over the case of RibꞋi Yᵊho•shuꞋa (from the civil administrator, Pilate), was an Εd•om•iꞋ-Bën-A•mâ•leiq – Hellenized, then Anglicized, to "Idumaean" (Josephus, Antiquities xiv.xv.2).

"King Herod" Antipas was born in Εd•omꞋ (Idumea), land of A•mâ•leiqꞋ. Successor to his father, King Herod the Great – who was the son of Antipater I the Εd•om•iꞋ / Bën-A•mâ•leiq (Hellenized and Anglicized to "Idumaean"), Herod Antipas likewise considered himself "King of the Jews."

"King of the Jews" Herod Antipas, seeing himself as the rightful (Εd•om•iꞋ and contemporary A•mâ•leiqꞋ) heir to his father's throne as "King of the Jews," intervened in the trial of the Jew he perceived to threaten his kingship – the Pharisee RibꞋi Yᵊho•shuꞋa – of the Royal Beit-Dâ•widꞋ, accused by the rival (Hellenist) Sadducee High Priest, Kaiaphas, as claiming to be "King of the Jews."

Who Killed RibꞋi Yᵊho•shuꞋa?

"King" (Tetrarch) Herod-Antipas—the Εd•omꞋite-A•mâ•leiqꞋite—preempted the Governor (civil administrator or prefect), Pilate, who then washed his hands of the matter. King Herod Antipas was the Roman authority who ordered that RibꞋi Yᵊho•shuꞋa, the Mâ•shiꞋakh be killed – posting a plaque above his head publicizing the offense, its consequence and its (apparent) end: "King of the Jews."

This answers, with finality, the age-old blood libel against the Jews: "Who killed RibꞋi Yᵊho•shuꞋa the Mâ•shiꞋakh?" The answer: A•mâ•leiqꞋ (symbol of expulsion from Yi•sᵊ•râ•eilꞋ and personification of evil for abandoning Tor•âhꞋ)!!!

Remnant of A•mâ•leiqꞋ: 135 C.E. To Today

In 135 C.E., the Romans expelled Yᵊhud•imꞋ from Yᵊru•shâ•laꞋyim and, to a large extent, from all of the Holy Land (a mission subsequently undertaken by the successor Christian Church and still later by Muslims). The vacuum left by the fleeing Yᵊhud•imꞋ was subsequently settled by the neighboring Arabs – Bᵊn•eiꞋ-A•mâ•leiqꞋ (cum Εd•om•imꞋ ) as squatters, who continued to squat on—occupy—the Holy Land until 1948.

No less interestingly, until 1948, "Palestinians" referred to Jews, not Arabs! Arabs claimed that there was only one pan-Arab Nation, which included all Arabs. The Jewish Israeli newspaper, The Jerusalem Post, was founded as "The Palestinian Post" and changed its name to The Jerusalem Post only in 1950! It wasn't until 1968.07 that the Bᵊn•eiꞋ-A•mâ•leiqꞋ arrogated the term "Palestinian"!

The Arabs who killed RibꞋi Yᵊho•shuꞋa, squatted in the Holy Land for nearly two millennia, are presently occupying parts of Israel and killing Israeli Jews are Bᵊn•eiꞋ-A•mâ•leiqꞋ.

© 1996-present by Paqid Yirmeyahu Ben-David,
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