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The Shᵊkhëm Portion To Yo•seiph

Bequeathal Bᵊrâkh•ōt Ë•phᵊr•ayim & Mᵊnash•ëh Bën-Yo•seiph

ca. B.C.E. 1737

Since Yi•sᵊr•â•eil was restoring the double-portion of inheritance to Yo•seiph, Yi•sᵊr•â•eil blessed each of Yo•seiph's 2 children, Ë•phᵊr•ayim & Mᵊnash•ëh, directly; as though they were his own sons.

Degel Ephërayim
Flag of Ë•phᵊr•ayim
Degel Mᵊnasheh
Flag of Mᵊnash•ëh

Contrary to ancient Middle East convention, as Yi•sᵊr•â•eil blessed Ë•phᵊr•ayim and Mᵊnash•ëh, he put his right hand on the head of the younger brother, Ë•phᵊr•ayim, to give him priority in inheritance.

When Yo•seiph noticed that Yi•sᵊr•â•eil had his right hand on Ë•phᵊr•ayim's head, he attempted to correct his father. But Yi•sᵊr•â•eil assured him that he was aware of which of his hands were on which head and that Ë•phᵊr•ayim would be the greater of the two. Then Yi•sᵊr•â•eil instructed that Am Yi•sᵊr•â•eil should thereafter bless their sons as follows:

"Yᵊsimᵊkhâ ël•oh•im kᵊË•phᵊr•ayim wᵊ­khi­Mᵊnash•ëh" — giving priority to Ë•phᵊr•ayim.


Shᵊkhem Har Eival (rt) Har Grizim (lft)
Click to enlargeShᵊkhëm

Additionally, Yi•sᵊr•â•eil apportioned to Yo•seiph one ùÑÀëÆí above his brothers of the lands that Yi•sᵊr•â•eil had taken from the Ë•mor•im by force of sword and bow.


Optional parental preparation:

  1. In your family, does the father bless his sons and daughters nightly, or on Sha•bât, accordingly?

  2. Translation: "May Ël•oh•im place youmasc. sing. like [He has] Ë•phᵊr•ayim and like [He has] Mᵊnash•ëh."

    From this, the feminine is derived to bless daughters: éÀùÒÄîÅê àÁìÉäÄéí ëÌÀùÒÈøÈä, øÄáÀ÷Èä, øÈçÅì åÀìÅàÈä – Translation: "May Ël•oh•im place youfem. sing. like Sârâh, Rivᵊq•âh, Râ•kheil and Leiâh." Return to text

  3. Egyptian heqa (l) & sekhem (r) scepters
    Click to enlargeEgyptian heqa (l) & ùÒÀëÆí (r) scepters
    Reference to the first capital city of the 10 Breakaway Tribes in the Shom•ron doesn't seem to fit the context. Ōnᵊqᵊlōs translates this into Aramaic as çåÌìÈ÷, which may corroborate the meaning of "ùÑÀëÆí" as the choice shoulder portion. However, vowels weren't introduced into the text until the Masoretes (c 7th century C.E. at the earliest). Since they were living in Egypt, and Yo•seiph was the Deputy-Par•oh of all Egypt – and seemed, to the Egyptians, to divinely control the seasons, weather and sky, perhaps the intention was ùÒÀëÆí. A play on these two words might also have been the original intent, lost in the 7-10th centuries C.E. when the introduction of vowels eliminated the Egyptian term. Return to text

Questions you might anticipate that your child might raise and be prepared to discuss:

  1. What does bequeathal mean?

  2. What is a (cultural, scientific, etc.) convention?


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